Evaluating the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Distress, and Firm Performance in an Emerging Market

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2025.v13i2.2856

Keywords:

Financial Distress, CSR, Generalized Methods of Moments, Firm Performance

Abstract

The study explores the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Financial Distress (FD), and the Firm Performance (FP) in Pakistani, listed, non-financial corporations. This study uses data from year 2006 to 2023, collected from annual reports. To ensure a robust analysis, study undertakes Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), Fixed Effect (FE) and Random Effects (RE) techniques. The findings imply that resource allocation for CSR not only achieves social duty but also maximizes value of shareholder value by enhancing FP. Alternatively, results show a significant and negative effect of FD on ROA. Which indicates that those corporations that are undergoing FD may face a downfall in their profits, reviling negative consequences of financial challenges. The study will help to investors, managers, and policymakers on how CSR boost the profitability of these corporations and uncovers the adverse effects of FD. The study also serves as a guide for policymakers and investors, informing them of the implications of FD on FP.

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Author Biographies

Naeem Khan, Al Ghazali University Karachi, Pakistan.

Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences

Ahsen Saghir, Abasyn University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan.

Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences

Maria Sultana, Shifa Tamer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences

Muhammad Haroon Rasheed, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.

Lecturer, Malik Firoz Khan Noon Business School

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Published

2025-06-11

How to Cite

Khan, N., Saghir, A., Sultana, M., & Rasheed, M. H. (2025). Evaluating the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Distress, and Firm Performance in an Emerging Market. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(2), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2025.v13i2.2856