Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss
<table style="height: 450px;" width="800"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align: justify;" width="200"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="https://journals.internationalrasd.org/public/site/images/admin/pjhss-cover-page.png" width="293" height="500" /></td> <td style="text-align: justify;" width="470"> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences</strong> (abbreviated as Pak. J. Humanit. Soc. Sci.) is an international research journal that is published on a quarterly basis by International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development - <em>i</em>RASD. PJHSS publishes double-blind and peer-reviewed research in specific fields of humanities and social sciences and <span data-contrast="auto">is committed to providing open access to all its published content. </span></div> PJHSS publishes research based on its originality, importance, interdisciplinary interest, timeliness, accessibility, elegance, and surprising conclusions. PJHSS has been publishing since 2013. <div> </div> <div><strong>Publisher:</strong> International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development - <em>i</em>RASD </div> <div><strong>Frequency:</strong> Quarterly </div> <div><strong>Access:</strong> Open</div> <div><strong>Medium:</strong> Print and Online</div> <div><strong>Publication Charges:</strong> Click <a href="https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/publicationfee" target="_blank" rel="noopener">HERE</a> for information </div> <div><strong>Peer Review Process:</strong> Double-blind</div> <div><strong>Online ISSN:</strong> 2415-007X</div> <div><strong>Print ISSN:</strong> 2709-801X</div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development iRASDen-USPakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences2709-801XPresence of Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence with ARDL Model
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2030
<p>Tourism has become the world’s third-largest export earning industry. According to the World Bank, in recent times international tourism has attracted a great attention and 7% of world’s total trade involves tourism. Tourism is considered one of the endogenous factors to boost the economic growth and development of any nation. It has versatile impacts on country growth and contributes directly and indirectly to GDP. The paper aims to bring forth confirmation of the tourism-led-growth hypothesis (TLGH) for Pakistan using time series data from 1995-2020 by incorporating inflation, international tourism, and tourism expenditure as regressors. For checking the stationarity of time series data, unit root tests Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF) and Phillip Perron test indicate that Economic Growth and inflation are stationary at their first difference while tourism expenditure and number of international arrivals are stationary at level. ARDL approach has been utilized to establish the link to how tourism affects the economic growth of Pakistan and the Cumulative Sum of Recursive Residual (CUSUM) and CUSUM of square has been used to check the stability of the model. The result depicts that a long-run relation exists among the variables. Inflation has a negative and significant impact on economic growth while international arrival and tourism expenditure have a positive and significant impact on economic growth. Furthermore, to enhance tourism activities and attract foreign tourists, the government must focus on macroeconomic stability because such factors have a direct effect on tourism and thus multifaceted impact on economic growth.</p>Muhammad Masood Hijazi Ghulam Muhammad Qamri Abu Bakar Sidique Qasim Raza Khan Aqsa Akbar
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Masood Hijazi , Ghulam Muhammad Qamri , Abu Bakar Sidique , Qasim Raza Khan , Aqsa Akbar
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2024-03-172024-03-17121460–473460–47310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2030Association between Work Environment, Work-Family Conflict and Employees’ Turnover Intention through Moderation of Job Experience in Commercial Banking Sector
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1921
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This study investigated the association between work environments, work family conflict and employee’s turnover intention through moderation of job experience in the commercial banking sector. Intention to leave is an important issue in Pakistan's private sector and is evaluated by management science using a variety of criteria to determine the fundamental cause of employee decision-making. This is quantitative study. It followed convenience sampling techniques and designed sample size on the basis of Krejcie and Morgan, (1970) Questionnaire was distributed in 500 and returned questionnaires were 398. Survey was conducted through questionnaire, and it was comprised of five-point Likert scale. This study followed social exchange theory because it details with human behavior, it is said if right behavior is predicted than conflict can be easily resolved. Many theories, models, and frameworks have been used in the private sector to assess several aspects of employee turnover intention. Findings revealed that significant and positive relationship among the work environment & turnover intentions. Work- family conflict has positive & significant association with employee’s turnover intention. Despite that association between job experience and turnover intention was strongly negative relation. This study concluded that employee turnover intention is a major issue in Pakistan's private sector and that it is a key component of management science, which is evaluated using a variety of factors to understand the fundamental process by which employees to make a decision to leave an organization.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Abdul Razaque BhayoNaimatullah ShahAftab Ahmed Mangi
Copyright (c) 2024 Abdul Razaque Bhayo, Naimatullah Shah, Aftab Ahmed Mangi
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2024-03-172024-03-17121450–459450–45910.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1921H.M. Naqvi's Home Boy: A Socio-Cultural Conflict Analysis in the Context of Disruption and Multiculturalism
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1811
<p>Through the lens of multiculturalism, this inquiry examines Home Boy by H.M. Naqvi. In particular, this study will look at how the selected literary work portrays several types of socio-cultural conflict that make it hard for the protagonists to blend in with their new communities. Concerns about intergroup tensions are at the forefront of multicultural communities' minds. According to this research, "socio-cultural conflict" describes when two or more cultures clash in areas such as politics, economics, religion, and society. The current study focuses on the book in question as an example of the socio-cultural conflict that might arise in heterogeneous society. Summing up the current human condition and the difficulties people face in a diverse city like New York is offered here. Characters in that society suffer as a result of these tensions as a result of immigration struggles, terrorist attacks, and identity issues. Cultural priorities, as shown in the book, lead to the denial of rights to many people in heterogeneous societies. Terrorist attacks and other forms of discrimination against them serve to solidify their inferiority complex. The facts on the hardships experienced by people in New York's postcolonial multicultural society are unearthed via the use of qualitative content analysis. Home Boy faces a plethora of socio-cultural conflicts and shows an interest in the real-life situations of the people living in such civilizations, according to the study. Their socioeconomic position is deteriorated by the prevailing culture, and H. M. Naqvi has communicated this misery via this work.</p>Sardar Khawar AzizFarrukh Nadeem
Copyright (c) 2024 Sardar Khawar Aziz, Farrukh Nadeem
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2024-03-172024-03-17121474–490474–49010.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1811The Public View on Social Media Platforms: A Case Study of Pakistan
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1898
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>Social media and the internet technologies are affecting society. The social media environment in which we live has a significant influence on our perceptions and beliefs. Specifically, social media plays a significant role in how information is accessed and how social and cultural environments are organized in the modern world. Social media has never failed to impress publics. From education and information to entertainment and leisure, social media has never disappointed its users. Similarly, it has transformed the way content is produced, distributed and consumed. Journalism has now become citizen journalism and reliance on traditional means of news have declined. This extensive incorporation of social media into society has encouraged number of perceptions. These views are often divided into positive and negative or mixed public opinions about social media. Traditional society like Pakistan is more critical of social media and its integration into other means of communication. Therefore, this study examines; the public view on social media platforms; a case study of Pakistan. It uses survey method and online questionnaire is sent to 50 university students, 50 housewives, 50 working males and 50 media practitioners. Demographics and other factor impact the view of social media among public.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Shazia Ismail Toor Shamail Zehra Zaidi Javaria Waheed Ayesha Siddiqui
Copyright (c) 2024 Shazia Ismail Toor , Shamail Zehra Zaidi , Javaria Waheed , Ayesha Siddiqui
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2024-01-222024-01-221211–151–1510.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1898Determinants of Female Labour Force Participation in Pakistan
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1767
<p>Women's labour force affects the household economy as well as economic growth. Women's labour force contribution rate is also increasing gradually in Pakistan. We attempted to determine the determinants and impact of women's labour force contribution on households. Time series data were taken from World Bank and WDI from 1981 to 2020. Based on the unit root test the ARDL model was finalized. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to verify the significance of the estimated ARDL-VECM model. There was a positive and negative association among selected variables. Variables such as female population, ratio of female workers, female headed households and female literacy rate positively and significantly impacted the female labour force participation whereas fertility rate and child mortality rate negatively but significantly determined the participation of females in labour force. Based on findings, government should focus on health and education sectors with special focus on females in order to provide reasonable educational and health facilities in order to support females participation in various economic activities of the country.</p>Sobia NaheedMuhammad WaseemArshed BashirRashed SaeedAther Mahmood
Copyright (c) 2024 Sobia Naheed, Muhammad Waseem, Arshed Bashir, Rashed Saeed, Ather Mahmood
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2024-01-232024-01-2312116–2516–2510.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1767Constitutional Protection of Minorities rights in Sindh: Investigating the role of Members of Provisional Assembly-MPAs
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1902
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This research paper highlights the pivotal role played by the (Sindh Assembly Members SAM) in safeguarding the constitutional and basic rights of scheduled caste communities particularly of Sindh. The main goal of the presented study spins around developing a sweeping understanding of the constitutional rights outstretched to minority communities by the Sindh Assembly. The study aims at eliciting nuanced insights into the challenges faced and efforts undertaken by the Sindh Assembly concerning the constitutional rights of minority communities. The study is based on several key objectives. Firstly, it seeks to meticulously analyze the extent of the Sindh Assembly's contribution to upholding and defending the constitutional rights of minority communities. Secondly, it scrutinizes the socioeconomic status of minority groups within Sindh, shedding light on their circumstances and challenges. Additionally, the research examines the underlying reasons for the migration of minority communities from Sindh to India. Moreover, a particular focus lies in comprehending the ramifications of Hindu migration on the demographic landscape of Sindh. Moreover, the study underscores the imperative of implementing these laws and educational initiatives at the grassroots level, extending beyond urban centers to rural areas in Sindh. There is a dearth of awareness among the masses, particularly among Scheduled Castes, underscoring the necessity for widespread dissemination and implementation of these initiatives. Subsequently, the consequences of the research investigation hover to generate a trajectory for subsequent inquiries. They present an avenue to introduce novel avenues for burgeoning scholars, adept researchers, and specialists in global diplomacy.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Faisal CharanTarique Hussain KeerioGhulam RasoolDariga KokeyevaMartin Kanyika
Copyright (c) 2024 Faisal Charan, Tarique Hussain Keerio, Ghulam Rasool, Dariga Kokeyeva, Martin Kanyika
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2024-01-232024-01-2312126–3426–3410.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1902Adolescent Quality of Life: Unraveling the Impact of Social Skills and Perceived Social Support
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1908
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>Adolescence is a critical developmental phase, where social interactions profoundly influence well-being. Understanding how social skills and perceived support shape adolescent quality of life is vital for comprehensive mental health initiatives. Current research aims to elucidate the intricate interplay between these factors to enhance support strategies and improve overall adolescent well-being. Involving 500 adolescents of both genders, this cross-sectional study utilized purposive sampling. Data collection employed a self-designed demographic sheet and standardized scales (MPSS, Social Skills scales by Ronaldo Rigii, WHO-QOL). Employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including normality tests, correlation coefficients, T-tests, and regression analysis, the study uncovered a strong positive correlation (r = .513, p < 0.01) between perceived social support and Quality of Life. Additionally, a robust positive correlation (r = .61, p < 0.01) was found between perceived social support and social skills, indicating their interconnectedness in enhancing life satisfaction. The study reveals that perceived social support (PSS) significantly predicts both quality of life and social skills among participants. It emphasizes that higher perceived social support levels strongly relate to better quality of life. Additionally, gender doesn't appear to impact perceived social support levels in the studied population. In light of these findings, it is recommended that future studies focus on developing and implementing strategies that leverage the identified mechanisms, offering practical pathways to enhance individuals' lives. Moreover, current research is a call to action for researchers to prioritize investigations into the specific mediating factors that link perceived social support, quality of life, and social skills, providing a foundation for targeted interventions aimed at improving overall well-being.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Salbia AbbasMariam TariqZainab YaseenMuqadas Shahzad
Copyright (c) 2024 Salbia Abbas, Mariam Tariq, Zainab Yaseen, Muqadas Shahzad
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2024-01-292024-01-2912135–4335–4310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1908Ice Nucleation Under Climatically Changing Biotic and Abiotic Conditions in Himalayas: A Case Study of Naran, Mansehra District, Pakistan
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1910
<p>Water has grave significance in human life and ice nucleation and rain are the two biggest sources of fresh water. In climate changing variables like temperature and other abiotic factors parallel to biotics factors paly vital role in natural process including ice nucleation. In order to have deep insight of ice nucleation process a data of abiotic factors like temperature, pH, wind direction was not only assessed but synchronized with biotics factors by taking example of two commonly spread species (chir and Diar common names) in the study area. In the study, it is revealed that temperature variation impacts ice nucleation process by lowering temperature from -1°C to -10°C. Analyzing temperature data between 2002 to 2022 reveals cycles impacting environmental phenomenon and other climate dynamics. Experimental data shoes inverse relationship with number of frozen drops and temperature. It is observed that bacterial presence in the atmosphere increases probability of ice nucleation. GIS reports indicate snow direct relation with vegetation signifying presence of biotic factors for ice nucleation.</p>Ali Akber KhanIftekhar AhmedMahmood Khalid QamarTahreem Aqsa
Copyright (c) 2023 Ali Akber Khan, Iftekhar Ahmed, Tahreem Aqsa
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2024-02-032024-02-0312144–5144–5110.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1910Dialectical Study of Class Division in Harper Lee’s to Kill a Mockingbird
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1920
<p>This study employs Marxist analysis to the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, focusing on the portrayal of class divide within the story. The examination of social stratification is a prominent subject in Marxism, and Marx himself asserts in the Communist Manifesto that the progression of all societies throughout history is characterized by conflicts between different social classes (Marx & Engels, 1969). Marxism is a prominent literary criticism theory that examines issues such as injustice, exploitation, class separation, and alienation. Marxism posits that the primary purpose of literature is to foster class consciousness and incite a revolution among the working class (Beteillie, 2007). The study is characterized by its qualitative nature and employs an interpretive methodology. The story is analyzed using a dialectical approach, revealing that class separation serves as the fundamental source of injustice, social discrimination, and exploitation. The study demonstrates that American society was fragmented based on both social class and race. In America, race not only served as a means of categorization but also contributed to the split between the privileged upper class and the economically disadvantaged and marginalized class.</p>Muhammad Ibrahim KhokharMalik Muhammad IqbalMuhammad Ejaz Khan
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ibrahim Khokhar, Malik Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Ejaz Khan
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2024-02-042024-02-0412152–6352–6310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1920Sociology and Education: A Study on Higher Education in Pakistan
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1879
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The research paper studied higher education in Pakistan from a sociological perspective. It examines how social factors affect higher education, with a focus on how higher education can either promote social mobility or lead to social reproduction. The study addresses how sociological theories may help us comprehend higher education challenges such as access to quality and efficiency, the importance of education, insufficient research activities, and discrepancies in educational attainment and retention based on class, race, and gender. This study aims to analyze the education system in Pakistan and identify the challenges that hinder the achievement of higher education opportunities. It investigates the historical, cultural, and institutional contexts that shape these fields and their interrelationships. This study draws material from the literature that has already been published. This research aims to emphasize how sociology and education can complement each other in advancing our understanding of human behavior and society.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Moula Bux NaichWakeel Ahmed OthoZuhaib AliMuhammad Salman
Copyright (c) 2024 Moula Bux Naich, Wakeel Ahmed Otho, Zuhaib Ali, Muhammad Salman
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2024-02-052024-02-0512164–6864–6810.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1879The Impact of Gendered Oppression on the Psyche of Female Characters in the Novel The Pakistani Bride by Bapsi Sidwa
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1934
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The study aims to explore the impact of gender oppression on the psyche of female characters in the context of the novel “The Pakistani Bride”. Hence, the main objective of this study is to investigate what sort of gender roles are assigned to the female characters in this novel what type of sufferings they are going through in terms of the fulfilment of those assigned roles which ultimately push them into an impulsive and neurotic state of mind. Freud (2016) psychoanalytic model has been applied as the theoretical framework of this study along with (Beauvoir, 1949) feministic approach. However, a particular sample of paragraphs from the particular novel has been drawn by applying the purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that in the novel The Pakistani Bride, the female characters are being oppressed by patriarchal constraints and have no right to speak. They are being perceived as subordinates, others, and minor species and have been pushed to the periphery of society by male supremacy in nearly every aspect of human existence. The findings also asserted that the inability of women to speak for themselves is a result of patriarchal oppression and gendered roles that have driven women to suppress their urges and become neurotic. </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Sana AhmadAswad HammadLaraib Akram
Copyright (c) 2024 Sana Ahmad, Aswad Hammad, Laraib Akram
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2024-02-162024-02-1612169–7869–7810.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1934Associates of Distress Tolerance among Adolescents: Role of Anger, Worry and Sadness
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1946
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This study examined the relationship between intolerant behavior; anger, worry, and sadness among adolescents. Participants were to be taken from the different schools of district Faisalabad of the Punjab Province 400 selected adolescents through purposive sampling. The participants' age range was 10 to 18 years old. The following criteria were to be applied to evaluate the results of the investigation. Using a demographic form, personal data about teenagers' worry management was gathered (J. L. Zeman, Cassano, Suveg, & Shipman, 2010) was used to investigate emotional management. The distress tolerance scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005) assesses emotional management. To investigate the findings, descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and t-test analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a significant positive predictive relationship between intolerant behavior and sadness among adolescents [R2=105; F (1,398) =46.6 73, p<.001], Results also showed Intolerant conduct positively predicted worry in adolescents. [R2=066; F (1,398) =28.182, p<.001]. Anger and intolerant conduct are positively correlated in adolescence.. [R2=109; F (1,398) =48.699, p<.001]. The findings of the present study concluded that intolerant behavior is positively associated with sadness, worry, and anger.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Aqila UnbrinSanober KhanumMafia Shahzadi Madeeha Imtiaz
Copyright (c) 2024 Aqila Unbrin, Sanober Khanum, Mafia Shahzadi , Madeeha Imtiaz
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2024-02-162024-02-1612179–8679–8610.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1946Evaluating the Impact of Financial Stability and Monetary Stability on Economic Growth: Evidence from an Emerging Economy
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1952
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>Financial stability and monetary stability both make an essential contribution to sustainable industrial growth and well-established industrial sectors contribute to sustainable economic development. The fundamental objective of this study is to create an FSI index to quantify financial strain in Pakistan. While utilizing monthly data starting from 2004-11 to 2017-7 the Financial Stress Index has four indicators which include TED spread, yield spread, stock price volatility, and exchange rate volatility through principal component analysis (PCA). An ARDL co-integration model is used to investigate the long-term and short-term relationships between time series data. The primary takeaways from this research are that financial stability and industrial production are positively correlated, while inflation and industrial production are negatively correlated. This study fills a knowledge gap by analyzing the impact of financial and monetary stability on economic growth in Pakistan using the Financial Stress Index. Lastly, this study sheds light on the financial and monetary concerns of Pakistan.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>Ameet KumarSimran JeswaniRabia FarooqMuhammad Haroon Rasheed
Copyright (c) 2024 Ameet Kumar, Simran Jeswani, Rabia Farooq, Muhammad Haroon Rasheed
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2024-02-162024-02-16121879710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1952Terai Regionalism in Nepal
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1907
<p>The paper examines the changing regional scenario of Terai issue and its political images with the central government in Kathmandu. The obliging role of regional political movements, elites, identity and ethnic groups is also examined in the context of Terai regionalism while focusing on the internal political development. The article also analyzes their quest for autonomy and their consequences on federalism in Nepal. The paper concludes with the remarks that constitutional role of governance and decentralized principles of federalism can perform their role in accommodating Terai civic and constitutional quest with the central government. The institutional role of political elites will count an important position in the present circumstances on their basis with the regional and national political parties.</p>Muhammad Ijaz LatifMuhammad Faisal
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ijaz Latif, Muhammad Faisal
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2024-02-172024-02-1712198–10598–10510.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1907Assessing Xi Jinping's Vision of Modernization and its Implications for Global Trade Dynamics: A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1962
<p>Globalization has emerged as a driving force reshaping China's economic, social, and political landscape. This paper aims to dissect the multifaceted impacts of globalization on Chinese society and political culture, specifically focusing on how Xi Jinping's vision of modernization intersects with these transformative dynamics. The synthesis of global influences and local ideologies has triggered profound shifts across various dimensions, including ideological synthesis, socioeconomic restructuring, technological evolution, governance paradigms, diplomatic engagements, and cultural identity. Drawing from a blend of scholarly perspectives, the research delves into the intricate relationship between globalization and China's political culture. It highlights the convergence of global ideas and traditional philosophies, which have catalyzed an evolving political ideology in China. Economically, globalization has facilitated market liberalization, foreign investments, and socioeconomic transformations, necessitating a recalibration of societal structures and aspirations. Moreover, the digital age has democratized communication channels, challenging established political hierarchies and fostering an evolving public discourse. Furthermore, the paper examines China's participation in global networks, emphasizing the consequential adaptations in governance, diplomacy, and the evolving narrative of Chinese identity on the global stage. Additionally, the study explores the intersection of globalization, economic interdependence, and information technology, highlighting their role as catalysts for China's evolving socio-political landscape. Ultimately, this research underscores the significance of understanding the intricate interplay between globalization, Xi Jinping's modernization vision, and the ensuing transformations within Chinese political culture. It serves as a critical lens through which policymakers, scholars, and global stakeholders can comprehend China's evolving trajectory. It offers insights into future scenarios, including the prospect of a more democratic political system within China's global interactions.</p>Asif KhanShi CongmeiFayyaz Ali
Copyright (c) 2024 Asif Khan, Shi Congmei, Fayyaz Ali
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2024-02-172024-02-17121106–126106–12610.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1962Green Investment, Energy Consumption and Environmental Pollution Nexus G-7 Countries: A Historical Perceptive
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1986
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The main purpose of this study is to examine the visions of the literature on green investment, institutional quality, energy consumption toward carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the perspective of G-7 countries. CO2 emissions is the major cause of GHG emissions. This review inspects and produces prevailing empirical and theoretical literature on said problem. This review paper firstly stimuluses the summary of green investment, institutional quality, energy consumption and CO2 emissions of G-7 countries. Secondly, it recognizes the literature based on the theoretical empirical and theoretical visions from the existing literature. Moreover, this article put light on theoretical approaches that defines how/ why these approaches work. Thirdly, this article suggests four productive dimensions for further policy development. This research also adds to the area of institutional quality, green finance, energy consumption concerning carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by critically investigating and synthesizing prevailing theory and research on green finance, energy consumption, institutional quality and CO2 emissions.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Rufia SaeedSaif Ur RahmanSalman Masood Sheikh
Copyright (c) 2024 Rufia Saeed, Saif Ur Rahman, Salman Masood Sheikh
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2024-02-212024-02-21121127–136127–13610.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1986Principals’ Perceptions of Transformational Leadership in Secondary School of Muzaffarabad Azad Kashmir
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1948
<p>This study investigates the Levels of transformational leadership among secondary school principals in Muzaffarabad, by a focus on its essential role in shaping educational environments. Transformational leadership, characterized by its emphasis on inspiring and motivating followers, encouragement innovation, and driving progressive change, holds significant importance in the realm of educational institutions. The research employs a quantitative methodology, involving 90 secondary school principals, to investigate into the comprehension and implementation of transformational leadership. Descriptive statistics indication a moderate level of transformational leadership displayed by principals across various dimensions. The findings add valuable understandings to the continuing discourse on educational leadership, involvement associations for the development of impactful platforms and knowledgeable policies. This research highlights the requirement for nuanced leadership approaches to promote educational consequences in Muzaffarabad, underscoring the transformative prospective of effective leadership in the energetic landscape of secondary education.</p>Inaamul Haq MughalBatool AttaAdeel Ahmed KhanSyed Jawad Zareen
Copyright (c) 2024 Inaamul Haq Mughal, Batool Atta, Adeel Ahmed Khan, Syed Jawad Zareen
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2024-02-232024-02-23121137–147137–14710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1948The Poetry of Twenty-First Century and its Deviation from Arnold’s Traditional Poetic Ideals
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1970
<p>The study aims to explore present-day poetry from Arnold’s perspective. Poetry, a genre which held the most value in past and was given the prime importance, no more holds the same significance. The study is a qualitative investigation to study the modern-day poetry and its deviation from the classical norms of the poetry. For the purpose, excerpts from the works of four Instapoets were taken and within interpretive paradigm, the analyses were conducted. Arnold, Study of Poetry, was taken as a theoretical framework. The findings of the study shows that the deviation is evident and implausible. The researchers have found that this kind of poetry to be is very plain and simplistic.</p>Maroof AnwarFatima NoorZarish FatimaFatima Bibi
Copyright (c) 2024 Maroof Anwar, Fatima Noor, Zarish Fatima, Fatima Bibi
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2024-02-242024-02-24121148–155148–15510.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1970Female Representation in Pakistani Digital Media: A Comparative Critical Feministic Study of Rehman’s “Mere Pas Tum Ho" & Ahmed’s “Sinf-e-Ahan”
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1989
<p>The present study aims to explore the portrayal of female characters by male and female writers in Pakistani digital media. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to figure out which gender is focused to show the strong and positive side of women. Meanwhile, the secondary objective is to trace the gender stereotypes in the context of the two particular dramas. Fairclough (1992) model of critical discourse analysis has been applied along with Beauvoir (1997) notion of feminism as the framework of the study. Two Pakistani dramas namely “Mere Pas Tum Ho" and Sinf-e-Ahan" have been the source of data. Meanwhile, a particular sample of twenty scenes from ten episodes of each drama has been selected through purposive sampling. However, the findings revealed that in Pakistani Digital media, male writers intend to portray women as negative, disloyal, passive, and emotionally frail creatures while on the other hand, female writers are trying to show the positive side of women by presenting them as strong and independent ones who are challenging patriarchal norms by pursuing their careers and fighting against every unjust thing they see happening around.</p>Ayesha NoorMona HanifAnum Safdar
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayesha Noor, Mona Hanif, Anum Safdar
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2024-02-242024-02-24121156–163156–16310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1989Investigating the Impact of Smart Tourism Technologies on Tourist Satisfaction, Engagement & Image and with the Mediation of Memorable Tourist Experience
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1942
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>Discover the profound impact of tourist engagement, satisfaction, and destination loyalty on the thriving tourism industry. The accompanying diagram provides operational details of STT and MTEs and how they can influence these crucial factors. Sample size selected for this research was 150 respondents, data was collected through online questionnaire. System named for data analysis was structural equation model (SEM) done through Smart Pls3.Results of this study indicated that STT and MTE have significant and positive affect on Destination Image and Tourism Engagement, Tourism Satisfaction and Tourism Destination Loyalty. This recollection offers empirical evidence to demonstrate the contribution of smart tourism technology and memorable trip experiences in raising tourist happiness and loyalty to travel locations. This study's primary objective is to better understand how memorable travel experiences and smart tourism technologies might increase traveller happiness and loyalty to a location in a developing nation.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Iqra AfzalMuhammad Bilal MajidMuhammad Ibrahim TariqAli Nasir
Copyright (c) 2024 Iqra Afzal, Muhammad Bilal Majid, Muhammad Ibrahim Tariq, Ali Nasir
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2024-02-242024-02-24121164–177164–17710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1942An Investigation to Study the Relationship of Multiple Intelligence and Students’ Learning Styles
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1924
<p>This research was planned to assess and identify the impact of multiple intelligences on students’ learning styles at university level in public sector universities Rawalpindi. The research used two approaches about theoretical frameworks for conducting this study. One was based on multiple intelligences given by Gardner (2011) which was consist of 9 sub dimensions named as linguistic, logical, musical, bodily, kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic and existentialist. The second theoretical framework was based on students’ learning styles given by Grasha-Riechman (2002) which was consist of six sub dimensions named as, Independent, avoidant, collaborative, dependent, competitive and participatory. The researcher used quantitative approach to conduct the study. The researcher adopted two questionnaires based on theoretical frameworks. One was based on multiple intelligences given by Gardner (2011) which was consist of 9 sub dimensions named as linguistic, logical, musical, bodily, kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic and existentialist. There were total 45 items, each dimensions were consisting of 5 items. The second theoretical framework was based on students’ learning styles given by Grasha-Riechman (2002) which was consist of six sub dimensions named as, Independent, avoidant, collaborative, dependent, competitive and participatory. Each dimensions were consisting of 10 items and there were 60 items in total.</p> <table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This research was planned to assess and identify the impact of multiple intelligences on students’ learning styles at university level in public sector universities Rawalpindi. The research used two approaches about theoretical frameworks for conducting this study. One was based on multiple intelligences given by Gardner (2011) which was consist of 9 sub dimensions named as linguistic, logical, musical, bodily, kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic and existentialist. The second theoretical framework was based on students’ learning styles given by Baneshi, Tezerjani, and Mokhtarpour (2014) which was consist of six sub dimensions named as, Independent, avoidant, collaborative, dependent, competitive and participatory. The researcher used quantitative approach to conduct the study. The researcher adopted two questionnaires based on theoretical frameworks. One was based on multiple intelligences given by Gardner (2011) which was consist of 9 sub dimensions named as linguistic, logical, musical, bodily, kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic and existentialist. There were total 45 items, each dimensions were consisting of 5 items. The second theoretical framework was based on students’ learning styles given by Baneshi et al. (2014) which was consist of six sub dimensions named as, Independent, avoidant, collaborative, dependent, competitive and participatory. Each dimensions were consisting of 10 items and there were 60 items in total. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. After collecting data, the researcher used SPSS to enter the data and run test according to the objectives. The researcher used individual scores and regression analysis in SPSS to achieve the targeted objectives. It is recommended that teachers should encourage students to explore and develop their multiple intelligence in ways that align with their personal interests and strengths. This can help students to become more self-aware and confident learners.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Lubna QutabAzhra RazaRabia TabbassumSyed Jawad Zareen
Copyright (c) 2024 Lubna Qutab, Azhra Raza, Rabia Tabbassum, Syed Jawad Zareen
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2024-02-272024-02-27121178–187178–18710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1924Challenges and Reforms in Pakistan's Narcotics Law: A Critical Analysis of the Control of Narcotics Substances Act 1997
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1900
<p>This research article examines the complex and diverse obstacles encountered by narcotics law enforcement and justice in Pakistan, as governed by the Control of Narcotics Substances Act (CNSA) of 1997. The study highlights key concerns, such as elevated rates of acquittal, inefficiencies within the system, and a backlog of cases in drug courts, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive reforms. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the significance of tackling judicial corruption, enhancing human rights organizations, and implementing sophisticated reforms in sentencing and punishment to attain a fairer administration of justice. The research highlights the significance of diverse resources, such as enhanced investigative tools and police training, augmented resources for prosecutors, and the utilization of technology in law enforcement. Furthermore, it promotes the implementation of community-based initiatives to deter drug abuse and addiction, while emphasizing the essential role of research in guiding successful approaches. The author also proposed solutions that seek to achieve a harmonious equilibrium between the enforcement of laws and the administration of justice, thereby ensuring a more effective, equitable, and responsible approach to narcotics cases.</p>Jibran Jamshed Faiz Bakhsh
Copyright (c) 2024 Jibran Jamshed , Faiz Bakhsh
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2024-02-282024-02-28121188–199188–19910.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1900Nexus among Exchange Rate Volatility, Inflation, and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1815
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This study undertakes an examination of the intricate relationships among exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, and economic growth within South Asian nations, namely Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. Spanning the temporal horizon from 1990 to 2021, the research endeavors to unveil the repercussions of exchange rate instability on economic growth—a formidable challenge confronted by monetary authorities and policymakers in South Asia. The central focus lies on comprehending the dynamics of exchange rate volatility, inflationary pressures, and their collective impact on economic growth. In the pursuit of these objectives, GDP per capita serves as the yardstick for economic growth, while independent variables encompass a spectrum including broad money supply, exchange rate volatility, inflation, government consumption expenditures, and gross fixed capital formation. The quantification of exchange rate volatility entails the utilization of both the standard deviation and the GARCH (1,1) models. Subsequent to an in-depth analysis, the initial unit test results undergo reevaluation, incorporating the Breusch-Pagan LM, Pesaran CD, and Pesaran scaled LM tests to discern cross-sectional dependence. To address potential data non-stationarity while considering cross-sectional dependence, the Pesaran-CIPS and Pesaran's CADF tests are applied. A pivotal aspect of the research involves the application of a Feasibly Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression model. The outcomes of the FGLS panel data regression illuminate a noteworthy finding: exchange rate volatility, quantified through both techniques, significantly and adversely influences economic growth. In contrast, inflation exhibits a statistically insignificant negative impact on economic growth. The study culminates by proffering specific recommendations to policymakers, urging concerted efforts to ensure exchange rate stability and foster sustained economic growth.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Soliaman DinHaroon DinImran KhanSobia Naheed
Copyright (c) 2024 Soliaman Din, Haroon Din, Imran Khan, Sobia Naheed
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2024-02-292024-02-29121200–206200–20610.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1815Effect of Digital HRM on Employee Performance: The Role of Employee Trust and Organizational identity in the Banking Sector of Pakistan
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1985
<p>Motivation is key for perseverance at work. At the point when they are characteristically persuaded, individuals experience work exercises as an end in itself, to such an extent that the movement and its objective impact. The outcome is expanded interest and satisfaction in work exercises. This examination was directed to test the speculation proposed by utilizing quantitative strategies. This kind of examination is research with a quantitative methodology and the idea of the research. The populace is a gathering or gathering of examination objects from which information will be gathered. The entire entirety of the article concentrates on whose attributes are thought or assessed. The examination configuration utilized study research that took an example from one populace and involved a survey as the primary information assortment instrument. This permits us to recognize the benefits and inconveniences of strategies and display the ebb and flow standpoints of examination. Our examination proposes that curiosity and shock can help the structure of a pecking order of adaptable abilities which abstracts elements and makes the investigation cycle more vigorous.</p>Ayesha AmirSarfaraz ZamanMuhammad Ibrahim Tariq
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayesha Amir, Sarfaraz Zaman, Muhammad Ibrahim Tariq
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2024-03-022024-03-02121207–223207–22310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1985Effectiveness of AI Integration into Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) on Student Writing Skills Based on Gender
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1974
<p>This research has evaluated the efficacy of AI in CALL to improve writing among students by gender. The analysis involved a literature review on how AI and processing have made an impact on writing and it’s utilized to augment writing of the English language learners. It has reviewed an inspection of how educational technology affects men and women disparately. The result proved that integrating AI in technology enhances writing quality of language learners, regardless of their sex. It has exposed the nitty-gritty of gender, technology use and its effectiveness. It stipulates that in the imbuing of CALL on the basis of student demographics, gender-tailored approaches are essential. Moreover, policies and interventions in CALL, need to accommodate gender discrepancies to allow for maximum effectiveness. It is also crucial to delve more deeply into the after-effects of AI infused CALL over time, such as constructing intervention tools attuned with genders. Also, inspecting the fine-tuned effects of integrating AI on student writing, over longer periods would yield insights, into fashioning optimal CALL strategies, suited to learner populations.</p>Namra FazalMuhammad Shoaib TahirMahnoor ChaudharyMinahil Abbasi
Copyright (c) 2024 Namra Fazal, Muhammad Shoaib Tahir, Mahnoor Chaudhary, Minahil Abbasi
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2024-03-022024-03-02121224–230224–23010.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1974The Role of Stakeholder Collaboration in Civic Wealth Creation in Pakistan: A Social Entrepreneurial Perspective
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1983
<p>The contemporary global landscape is marked by unprecedented challenges, necessitating sustained endeavors toward fostering a sustainable future. In response, a plethora of conceptual frameworks have emerged, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals delineated in 2015. Among these emergent frameworks, civic wealth creation has garnered attention for its perceived efficacy in addressing multifaceted social, economic, and communal challenges, thereby fostering enhanced community well-being. Central to the civic wealth creation paradigm is the recognition of stakeholder collaboration as indispensable for the effective resolution of collective issues. This framework underscores the imperative of concerted collaboration among diverse stakeholders, including enterprises, regimes of support, and beneficiaries, in the pursuit of generating civic wealth. Social enterprises, positioned as hybrid organizations adept at navigating the nexus between economic and social imperatives, assume a pivotal role in facilitating stakeholder collaboration and engendering civic wealth. Against this backdrop, this study delves into the mechanisms through which social enterprises in Pakistan collaborate with diverse stakeholders to engender civic wealth, thereby contributing to the scholarly discourse on sustainable development and socio-economic transformation.</p>Mahum RazaJavaria AbbasMuhammad Nauman Abbasi
Copyright (c) 2024 Mahum Raza, Javaria Abbas
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2024-03-052024-03-05121231–247231–24710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1983Subjugated to Free Independent States of America, Boston Tea Party by Sons of Liberty and Declaration of Independence
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1967
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This article explores how Native Americans and Africans have historically been treated by Europeans, with a particular emphasis on how both groups have been portrayed as barbaric and primitive in a variety of media, including literature, minstrel shows, newspapers, and advertisements. We'll talk about Native Americans' difficulties and how they gained their independence in this section. European colonization of North America resulted in the displacement of these tribes, who were then forced into reservations and subjected to assimilation strategies that were often violent and betrayed treaties. European assimilation efforts aimed to erase Native American culture, history, and identity through the establishment of boarding schools that forced Native American children to adopt European habits, attire, and language. The method was intended to "kill the Indian, save the man," as institutions such as the Carlisle Indian School illustrated. Despite the hardships and cultural loss inflicted on Native Americans, their experience in boarding schools was critical in developing future Native American leaders and building a sense of pan-Indian identity, thereby refuting the notion of them as a dying race. The article also delves into the influence of British colonial rule on Native Americans, as well as the imposition of taxes without representation, which sparked riots such as the Boston Tea Party. The Continental Congress and the following Declaration of Independence were watershed points in the American Revolution. Furthermore, the Coercive Acts meant to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, stoked colonial discontent and aided in the commencement of the American Revolutionary War. The article finishes by underlining the significance of these historical events in establishing the identity of the United States and the ongoing struggle for Native Americans' rights and acknowledgment. This in-depth examination of historical events and their interconnectivity sheds light on the complicated and often brutal interactions between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans, which ultimately influenced the establishment of the United States and its values (Volo, 2003).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Ali BaqarKiran Mujahid Jahanzeb Jahan Rumyia Habib
Copyright (c) 2024 Ali Baqar, Kiran Mujahid , Jahanzeb Jahan , Rumyia Habib
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2024-02-052024-02-05121248–258248–25810.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1967Teaching Competencies Based on Comparative Assessment at Diverse School Levels
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2033
<p>Effective and high-quality education is greatly dependent on the teacher's competence. Teaching competency encompasses the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and professional attributes necessary for an individual to effectively fulfill the duties of a teacher at the expected level. This research aims to examine the teaching competencies of teachers in schools with different educational levels. The researcher employed a quantitative survey methodology to investigate the teaching competencies of teachers in public schools in Multan. A stratified sampling method is employed to choose a sample of 1009 teachers that accurately represents the geographical distribution (location) of schools. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data collected has been analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as frequencies, means, and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistical techniques like t-tests and ANOVA. The main findings of the study indicate that teachers demonstrated competence in various domains, such as planning of the lesson, presentation of the lesson, lesson closure, lesson evaluation, and classroom management. The results also indicated that the teaching competencies of teachers vary greatly depending on the location of the school but do not vary significantly based on their academic, professional qualifications, or school levels. Urban teachers have better teaching competence in comparison to rural teachers. The study can be repeated on a large-scale sample by assessing other teaching competencies across different academic levels. Workshops and trainings should be provided for public school teachers to strengthen their teaching competencies.</p>Farhat NasimErum Aslam KhanRani QaisaraInza Shoqat
Copyright (c) 2024 Farhat Nasim, Erum Aslam Khan, Rani Qaisara, Inza Shoqat
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2024-03-062024-03-06121259–270259–27010.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2033Cyber Law and Cyber Security Policies in Pakistan: A Comparative Study with USA, Canada and Australia
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1977
<p>This study evaluates cyber-law and security policies in Pakistan, the USA, Canada, and Australia, exploring how each country's geopolitical and socioeconomic context influences its cyber-defense and lawful measures against cyber threats. It compares their policies to find out best practices and gaps, aiming to guide the creation of stronger, more adaptable cyber-policies. The research emphasizes the importance of comprehensive legal frameworks to protect against emerging cyber threats and the vital role of international collaboration in enhancing global cyber resilience.</p> <p> </p>Omer Mahmood WattoMuhammad IslamSyed Arshad HussainMuhammad Shahab
Copyright (c) 2024 Omer Mahmood Watto, Muhammad Islam, Syed Arshad Hussain, Muhammad Shahab
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2024-03-062024-03-06121271–277271–27710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1977Rethinking the Survival Stratagem of Corliss in the Search Engine by Sherman Alexie
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1963
<p>The Search Engine is fundamentally a search for established individuality, a vision in the wilderness, and the meaning and definition of female protagonist Corliss. The present study explores the ways through which Native American hybridized identity survives in the white hegemonic cultural society. By using the theory of Evolution which is conceived by Charles Darwin, the research intends to highlight those characteristics of Corliss which make her a favorable species among stagnant and dormant tribal folks. Corliss’ survival strategy includes navigating and challenging the systemic oppressions faced by Indigenous communities in North America by getting rich white education. The Search Engine advocates that conflicting identity or in more apt terminology an identity that is hanging between cultures can discover harmony and be conformed through mutual respect, flexible attitude and acknowledgement at an individual level. This research reinvestigate Corliss’ journey which involves a progression from adopt to adapt to adept phase and her search for a stable identity while living in a mainstream society of Euro America. It deals with tussles and struggles of Corliss as she evolves through life in survival mode, particularly in regards to her experiences with her research of another traumatized poet Harlan Atwater. The effort to become recognized as a fully formed human being, as well as the desire to be treated with decency and equality rather than as second-class citizens is admirable. She fulfills the demands of anti-colonialist ideological identity; hence there is suppression over colonial subjects, subversion the colonialist discourse which eventually leads toward fine tuning the postcolonial identity that takes her to the desired status in the society unlike to her father and uncles. </p>Rumyia Habib Ali BaqarAhmad Farid Kiran Mujahid
Copyright (c) 2024 Rumyia Habib , Ali Baqar, Ahmad Farid , Kiran Mujahid
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2024-03-062024-03-06121278–286278–28610.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1963Study of Linguistic Components of Pakistani English: An Indigenized English Variety
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2012
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This study explores the linguistic components of Pakistani English (PakE) and how this English variety has been indigenized in linguistically diverse Pakistan. English is recognized as an official language in Pakistan, but it is often taught without appropriate socio-cultural context. The research aims to highlight the development of PakE through examining factors that influence its evolution, and analyze main linguistic features that draw its distinction from British English. The study uses a qualitative methodology, particularly thematic analysis of audio recorded interviews with two university students. Findings of the study reveal clausal, syntactic and lexical features of PakE that deviate from standard British English variety. The findings also demonstrate how PakE speakers code-mix Urdu and English, use unique sentence formations, and transform declarative sentences into interrogatives in casual talk. Moreover, the results imply the need for greater focus on linguistic diversity and importance of inclusion of native socio-cultural contexts in English language education across Pakistan. Additionally, understanding of common features of PakE can help informing language planning and policies focused on endorsing regional linguistic identity. Further research examining additional social, cultural and linguistic variables influencing ongoing development of Pakistani English as an indigenized variety is needed.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Lutif Ali HaloSanaullah RustamaniNoor Muhammad
Copyright (c) 2024 Lutif, Sanaullah, Noor Muhammad
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2024-03-072024-03-07121287–293287–29310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2012Political Instability Causes & Affects
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1935
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>This article investigates the relationship between political instability and economic growth. We define “political instability” as the propensity of a government collapse, and we argues in which political instability and economic growth are interdependent to each other. The main result of this article is that in countries and as well as in Pakistan time periods with a high propensity of government collapse, growth is significantly lower as otherwise. This effect remains strong and shows consequences of political instability to socio-economic policies, unequal distribution of wealth, corruption, unemployment, poverty, mental and physical health, internal external terrorism and poor family leadership.” This article explores the complex link between political instability and economic growth, emphasizing the definition of "political instability" as the propensity for the dissolution of the government. The central theme of our argument is the relationship between economic expansion and political instability. This study's main conclusion is that, in nations—Pakistan being one prominent example eras marked by a higher risk of political collapse tend to have far slower rates of economic growth than periods marked by greater stability. This research reveals the profound effects of political instability on socio-economic policies, highlighting its long-lasting influence. The consequences are multifaceted, including uneven economic distribution, widespread corruption, prolonged joblessness, high rates of poverty, and negative impacts on mental and physical health. Moreover, political unrest has a significant impact on the incidence of both domestic and foreign terrorism, making security issues worse in impacted areas. Additionally, the study clarifies how political instability undermines the authority of families and shatters the foundation of social systems. This paper offers a thorough examination of the complex effects of political instability, shedding light on how it affects numerous socioeconomic indicators and economic growth. Comprehending these processes is of paramount importance for policymakers, scholars, and international leaders who aim to tackle the obstacles presented by political instability and promote stable, robust communities.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Zarina RashidShahir Rashid
Copyright (c) 2024 Zarina Rashid, Shahir Rashid
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2024-03-082024-03-08121294–303294–30310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1935The Influence of Perceived over Qualification on Innovative Behaviour of University Teachers: An Investigation based on Organizational Trust and Self Efficacy
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2040
<p>The purpose of this research was to determine how organizational trust and self-efficacy mediate the relationship between perceived qualifications and innovative behavior. Face theory and self-evaluation were applied when analyzing data collected from university professors. Three hundred and fifty individuals participated in the study; responses were randomly selected from the primary dataset. Upon conducting SPSS’s multiple regression and correlation analyses on the data, it was determined that a significant relationship existed between the variables. According to the findings, perceived over-qualifications favorably impact innovative behavior, with organizational trust and self-efficacy acting as mediators. Perhaps these findings will contribute to our comprehension of employee emotions regarding their overqualification for positions, the mechanisms underlying organizational trust, strategies for encouraging creativity in the workplace, and considerations for employee mental well-being. Such insights will ultimately contribute to improving the work environment and the sustained prosperity of the organization.</p>Massaud AkhtarMaira BashirKiran Zahara GillaniMuhammad Abubakar
Copyright (c) 2024 Massaud Akhtar, Maira Bashir, Kiran Zahara Gillani, Muhammad Abubakar
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2024-03-092024-03-09121304–321304–32110.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2040Racial Alienation in Hamid's The Last White Man: A Fanonian Study
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1964
<p>Racism is a widespread issue around the globe that creates traumatic stress among people of color. Every black person must confront with a typical racist behavior in daily life. Race is a sort of alienation since it is the process by which the subject's objectification mediates the unity of the universe and the Self. It leads to dehumanization of the indigenous people of color in western societies. Black and indigenous people of color in the U.S. are particularly vulnerable because they are subject to a system of white supremacy. This study investigates how racial experiences affect people of color, how they fall victim to racial prejudice, and how racism leads to trauma and alienation. I have tried to examine how race has been explored in this fictional work and the effects it has for one's identity. This study concentrates on his perceptions of racial prejudice in a different locality. Frantz Fanon perspective of alienation is used to elaborate and explore the issue. Fanon conceives race as a form of alienation. In Black Skin, White Mask (1967), Fanon paints an image of a society in which one must adhere to the criteria of whiteness to be considered as human. He postulates that a black person is a phobogenic object, sparking anxiety in the eyes of white subjects.</p>Ali BaqarMuhammad Aamir Kiran Mujahid Rumyia Habib
Copyright (c) 2024 Ali Baqar, Muhammad Aamir , Kiran Mujahid , Rumyia Habib
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2024-03-092024-03-09121322–332322–33210.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1964Impact of Patients’ Motivation and Scheme of Positive and Negative Symptoms among Patients with Psychotic Disorders
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1769
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>Positive motivations toward treatment are an important factor that plays a significant role in the treatment outcomes and patients' recovery process. The present study investigates the impact of patients’ motivation toward treatment and its impact on patients positive, negative, and general psychopathological symptoms among patients with psychosis. A total of 200 participants diagnosed with psychotic disorders were approached from different hospitals and clinics in Faisalabad and Karachi. 11 out of 200 participants were excluded due to comorbid conditions and unclarity in diagnostic symptoms. 189 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Both male 112(59.26%) and females 77(40.74%). patients were included in this study. Participants were taken from all socioeconomic statuses. Participants’ age range was between 20 to 45 years with M±SD=34.53±2.57. Findings show that patients a significant difference was estimated in positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms between patients with low motivation and high motivation. Furthermore, results indicate that a significant difference was estimated in positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms between patients with schizophrenia disorder and other psychotic disorders among patients with psychotic disorders. It is concluded that low motivation toward treatment is suspected a lower chance of engagement in treatment as compared to those who have high motivation. Patients with schizophrenia disorder perceived relevantly high symptom severity on positive, negative, and general psychopathological symptoms as compared to other psychotic disorders.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Saima RashidUzma jillaniSanober KhanumMafia ShahzadiAqila Unbrin
Copyright (c) 2024 Saima Rashid, Uzma jillani, Sanober Khanum, Mafia Shahzadi, Aqila Unbrin
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2024-03-102024-03-10121333–339333–33910.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1769Exploring the Role of the Criminal Justice System in Combating Human Trafficking in Pakistan
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2062
<p>This research article examines the multifaceted phenomenon of human trafficking within the context of Pakistan's criminal justice system. The phenomenon of human trafficking, in conjunction with associated concerns such as human smuggling and unauthorized migration, poses a multifaceted dilemma influenced by a range of socio-economic factors. The research investigates the complexities of human trafficking, examining its conceptualizations, expressions, and fundamental origins. Considerable emphasis is placed on the involvement of the criminal justice system in tackling the issue of human trafficking, encompassing activities such as prosecution, victim assistance, and preventive measures. This study critically examines the efficacy of Pakistan's criminal justice system in addressing the issue of human trafficking, drawing upon relevant scholarly literature and empirical research. Furthermore, the study underscores the significance of global cooperation and collaboration in addressing this transnational criminal activity. In the conclusion section, the author underscores the need for comprehensive approaches that prioritize victim protection, legal enforcement, and addressing root causes to effectively combat human trafficking in Pakistan and beyond.</p>Khurram BaigMaryam QasimRehman AkhtarAnila Yousaf
Copyright (c) 2024 Khurram Baig, Maryam Qasim, Rehman Akhtar, Anila Yousaf
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2024-03-112024-03-11121340–347340–34710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2062Influence of Cosmetic Advertising on Purchasing Patterns: An Examination of Beauty Product Impact on Female University Students in Punjab
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2036
<p>In order to reach the target markets, advertisements are being used as main tool by the marketers. These advertisements present a capitative picture of the world, and usually women become victim of these fascinating advertisements. The main objective of this research was to study university female students’ buying behavior towards cosmetic products. This research was conducted in Lahore city and a survey method was used. Cosmetic companies are which are mostly used in different saloons. The findings show that commercials are effective in raising consumer awareness. Different marketing divisions of cosmetic corporations employ TV commercials and billboards to target above the line through these mediums. This study has both theoretical and practical implications. The study suggests the ongoing utilization of newspaper media for advertising, emphasizing the enduring belief and trust people place in it. Advertisers are encouraged to prioritize creativity in the design of print advertisements.</p>Naila Abdul RasheedNoshaba BaqirShamim Ullah
Copyright (c) 2024 Naila Abdul Rasheed, Noshaba Baqir, Shamim Ullah
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2024-03-122024-03-12121348–357348–35710.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2036Analyzing Islamic Philosophy in Elif Shafak’s Forty Rules of Love
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2069
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The objective of this analysis is to explore the Islamic Philosophy of Sufism within Elif Shafak's The Forty Rules of Love. The research on the selected novel covers the Islamic philosophy of Sufism in the story and the characterization of the story and the philosophies of Sufism through the philosophy of Love in the story. The textual and content analysis is done by utilizing qualitative approach. By dissecting the novelist’s argument, from the textual level, small as speech, to the larger level of thematic argument and the arguments built about the core subject matters. The research concludes that Elif Shafak was able to incorporate and present the Islamic philosophy of Sufism through the characters and their progression through these philosophies. Thus, the novelist had managed to address the ways in which love is represented by the religion Islam and how it was presented through the teaching of Sufism. The authors had also discussed the way through which Sufism has been able to conquer and influence Elif's writing. The research covers historical account of 13th century Sufi, Rumi and Shams of Tabriz and provides a feminist perspective of the ways in which concepts of mystical and mundane get interlinked.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Muhammad NaeemMaria GhaniShafaq Khalid
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Naeem, Maria Ghani, Shafaq Khalid
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2024-03-122024-03-12121358–364358–36410.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2069The Psychological Effects of the Administration of Psychedelics on the Minds of Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2068
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The systematic review aims to integrate the findings of the past 3 years of literature on the phenomenological effects of classical psychedelics on healthy individuals. To ensure a strategic method to review the literature was adopted, guidelines given by Sumaya Laher & Tasneem Hassem were opted for (Laher & Hassem, 2020). For the search strategy, the Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, and Research (SPIDER) method was used to construe keywords for searching relevant literature in PubMed, and Google Scholar. Analysis of the final 4 papers was conducted using the thematic synthesis technique (Thomas & Harden, 2008) and a total of 3 main themes were discovered. The first main theme was “Modes of Communication” in which the participants sensed the presence of other entities. This theme is also further divided into three sub-themes called “Intuitive or Telepathic”, “Explicit or Verbal” and “Kinesthetic”. The second major theme is called the “Mystical-type Experiences” in which the participants experienced amazement and were left in complete awe of the world. This theme further divides into two sub-themes “Euphoria” and “Unpleasant Experiences”. The next main theme was “Inter-relational Purposes of Entities”. This theme encompasses the relationship between participants and the psychedelic-induced characters of their imagination divided into four sub-themes in this theme which are named “Friendly and Nurturing”, “Presenting”, “Jestful and Manipulating” and “Formidable and Intimidating.” The study will put the short and long-term effects of these drugs into the consideration of the research community.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Sumayyah IdreesAyesha BatoolSehrish AhsanJalil Rehman
Copyright (c) 2024 Sumayyah Idrees, Ayesha Batool, Sehrish Ahsan, Jalil Rehman
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2024-03-132024-03-13121365–372365–37210.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2068Magical Realism in Hussain's "The Swan's Wife": An Examination from a Postmodern Angle
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2054
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The utilization of magical realism is pertinent to the postcolonial context and the consequent expression of dissent against the impact of postcolonialism on the political, social, and cultural aspects of formerly colonized countries. Magical realism, characterized as subversive, hybrid, and mestizo, has been recognized as a powerful means of social protest. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of comprehensive scholarly attention on the correlation between magical realism and social protest in the works of Hussain. This thesis examines the manner in which magical realism has aided Hussain in portraying and capturing the essence of "The Swan's Wife". The author's use of magical realism in his work has a clear and noticeable political aspect. It not only prompts the reader to question the supposedly fixed nature of reality, but also examines the boundaries of an implicitly politicized ideology that undermines the fundamental framework of his worldview. This theme investigation aims to illustrate that Hussain's fiction not only has explicit social consequences but also carries a subtle tone of protest against the social structure. To create the appropriate level of protest, the author used magical realism. This technique involves incorporating and contrasting different components from many sources, such as oral/folklore culture, myth, and stereotypes.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Sadaf KhanSahar ZahoorMaryam Khan
Copyright (c) 2024 Sadaf Khan, Sahar Zahoor, Maryam Khan
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2024-03-132024-03-13121373–384373–38410.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2054Presence of Debt Overhung Effect in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence with ARDL Model
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1911
<p>Many developing nations, including Pakistan, have struggled with the challenge of maintaining debt sustainability due to insufficient revenue generation to meet economic crises. The primary aim of this study is to find how external debt, debt servicing, and exports influence the economic growth of Pakistan, utilizing data from 2000 to 2020. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test (ADF) is applied to evade spurious regression, revealing that debt servicing is stationary at level. In contrast, GDP, external debt, and exports are stationary at their first difference. For this reason, the ARDL model has been used to find the long-run and short-run interdependence among external debt, debt servicing, exports, and GDP. The empirical findings of this study revealed a negative and significant impact of external debt on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), supported by the “Debt Overhung Effect”. Conversely, debt servicing has a positive but statistically insignificant impact on GDP. Exports have a positive and significant impact on GDP growth. Moreover, to confirm the long-term stability of our model Cumulative Sum of Recursive Residual (CUSUM) and CUSUM of square have been used. This research contributes novel insights to the work conducted by other researchers, shedding light on the intricate relationship among external debt, debt servicing, exports, and GDP growth of Pakistan. Additionally, by estimating the effect of exports on GDP, valuable insights into the country's debt repayment capacity are provided. Export earnings constitute a primary source of foreign currency inflow.</p>Danish BaigGhulam Muhammad QamriAdil HassanQasim Raza KhanAqsa Akbar
Copyright (c) 2024 Danish Baig, Ghulam Muhammad Qamri, Adil Hassan, Qasim Raza Khan, Aqsa Akbar
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2024-03-142024-03-14121385–395385–39510.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1911Discipline in Education, and its relationship with Students’ Academic Achievement at University Level
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2023
<p>The purpose of the research was to know the relationship of discipline in education and students’ academic achievement at university level. The study’s population of concern included all social sciences students from two universities in Multan district (Bahauddin Zakariya University and The Women University). Sample of the study was consisted of 300 students. Just the students of social sciences was selected from these universities, and 25 students were chosen from each department. Questionnaire was developed for students which contains 26 items and five point likert was used for scoring. Data were entered on SPSS sheet after the completion of data collection. Various statistical methods were applied to obtain the findings about the student’s reactions like percentage, mean, frequency and standard deviation was used to apply and examine the relationship of discipline in education with student academic achievement. After complete analysis of data it was found that the majority of the participants believe that discipline in education helps student’s to complete their assignments on time, arrive on time for class and participates in every class discussions.</p>Hina MunirMaria IqbalUzma Munawar
Copyright (c) 2024 Hina Munir, Maria Iqbal, Uzma Munawar
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2024-03-142024-03-14121396–402396–40210.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2023Unveiling the Phenomenology of Professional and Domestic Stressors for Private School Teachers of Lahore, Pakistan
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2071
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The present research is a qualitative exploration of teacher stress faced by private school teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. We identified the professional and domestic stressors of teachers working in private schools in Lahore, Pakistan using thematic analysis. Digging into the forms of stress, three focus group interviews were conducted on three different school premises. Each focus group has eight participants, private school teachers having age ranges between 25 and 45 years, with inclusion criteria of being married and having at least three years of teaching experience in private sector. Professional and domestic themes such as workload, psychological challenges, consequences, and familial and personal factors were generated. Results confirmed some themes in previous research, such as administrative tasks, Coping strategies, classroom management, parenting issues, physical health, and emotional well-being. However, this research holds an exclusive aspect in exploring new themes such as meeting unrealistic deadlines, emotional labor, uncomfortable workstations, and unsupportive families. Implications were discussed.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Ayesha Mubeen PuriFakhara AzizAqsa ShabbirNaveed IqbalAmina Muazzam
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayesha Mubeen Puri, Fakhara Aziz, Aqsa Shabbir, Naveed Iqbal, Amina Muazzam
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2024-03-152024-03-15121403–412403–41210.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2071Does Environment Really Matter for Economic Sustainability: Exploring the Role of Green Energy in Pakistan's Economy
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2067
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The key objective of the study is to investigate empirically the long-run Environment and Growth Sustainability nexus in Pakistan economy. To empirically achieve the objectives of the study, the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound testing method was employed from 1990 to 2022. Green energy is used to signify environmental performance indicators and GDP growth rate along with other conventional growth factors; physical capital and human capital are used as potential economic sustainability indicators. To rationalize the findings of ARDL, restricted and unrestricted models are also estimated. The findings of the study disclose that the series under consideration are co-integrated which directs the existence of the long-run relationship. It is found that green energy enhances economic sustainability in the long run however it adversely impacts economic sustainability in the short run in the case of Pakistan's economy. The empirical outcomes of the study validate the widespread concern of the literature on the existence of the “growth hypothesis” which supports, that there is a systematic positive causation running from green energy to economic sustainability. The study findings suggest that regulations in the energy sector can encourage the applications of green energy resources, particularly in the real sector of the economy, leading to reduced emissions. It is important to adopt international standards for firms and industries and an international collaboration framework is required to ensure economic sustainability to prevent environmental degradation.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>Syed Kafait Hussain NaqviHafiza Sadaf ZahraMuhammad Abdul Basit Memon
Copyright (c) 2024 Syed Kafait Hussain Naqvi, Hafiza Sadaf Zahra, Muhammad Abdul Basit Memon
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2024-03-152024-03-15121413–423413–42310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2067An Experimental Analysis of Pragmatic Competence in Human-ChatGPT Conversations
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2061
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The main purpose to conduct this research was to evaluate the pragmatic capability of ChatGPT in human interaction and analyze how does ChatGPT, as an advanced language modal, handle linguistic features; irony, metaphor, and indirect requests during conversation with humans. Besides, this study followed a mixed method approach by conducting interactive conversation with three participants to determine the pragmatic competence of ChatGPT through speech act theory and language analysis using irony, metaphor, and indirect requests as linguistics techniques. Thus, ChatGPT has proved to work effectively in human interactions so far by understanding the linguistic context of content and generating responses accordingly yet, it appears more efficient when dealing with tone recognition and complex linguistic constructs like irony and metaphor respectively. To achieve accurate responses in different type of conversations, this research suggests a progressive approach towards the betterment of the responsive capabilities of ChatGPT by incorporating information from various linguistic datasets and users’ feedback.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>Imran NazeerNida Mushtaq KhanAman NawazJawaria Rehman
Copyright (c) 2024 Imran Nazeer, Nida Mushtaq Khan, Aman Nawaz, Jawaria Rehman
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2024-03-162024-03-16121424–435424–43510.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2061Identifications of Barriers in Implementation of Digital Technology in Secondary schools of Punjab
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/2055
<table width="650"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="409"> <p>The objective of this study was to discuss the benefits of digitization in Pakistani schools. After identifying barriers related with infrastructure, teacher and students, the aim of this study was to encourage students for the tackling of these barriers. As these barriers are main hindrances to get quality education. Quantitative approach was used in the study. Survey method was applied. The accessible population of the study was school teachers from various Public sector schools of Punjab, Pakistan. Convenience sampling technique was used to obtain sample of the study. The sample of the study was 300 school teachers. A questionnaire was developed for the collection of data. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained through expert opinion while reliability was obtained through cronbach alpha. The alpha value was .75. Descriptive statistical techniques were used for data analysis. The findings of the study were that key barriers in implementation of digital technology include inadequate infrastructure, limited access to technology, insufficient teacher training, resistance to change, concerns about privacy and security, and disparities in digital literacy among students. Furthermore, the research delves into the socio-economic, cultural, and policy-related factors that contribute to the complexity of these barriers. It also investigates potential strategies and solutions to overcome these obstacles, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts between stakeholders, policy-makers, educators, and technology developers. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on technology in education and provide valuable insights for creating more inclusive, effective, and sustainable digital learning environments.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>Sajida GhaniFarah MalikShamim Ullah
Copyright (c) 2024 Sajida Ghani, Farah Malik, Shamim Ullah
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2024-03-162024-03-16121436–443436–44310.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.2055A Review of Green Innovation and Environmental Performance in BRICS Nations
https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/pjhss/article/view/1992
<p>This research aims to assess the literature on green innovations towards environmental performance within the framework of the BRICS economies. Innovation is now associated with both sustainable development on the environment and long-term economic success. The influence of technical advancements or inventions with an environmental focus on the quality of the environment is crucial in this regard. The literature and empirical data on the topic are reviewed and summarized in this work. First an overview of Green Innovations and Environmental performance in BRICS countries is given. Second, using concepts and theoretical stances from the published literature, the articles will be indexed. Along with explaining how and why these processes work, this article also discusses their theoretical foundations. Third, three product categories are suggested for more investigation in this paper. Through a critical analysis and synthesis of existing theory and research on green innovation and the environment, this study makes a contribution to the field of innovations and the environment.</p>Saeed ZubairSaif Ur RahmanSalman Masood SheikhMehwish Zafar
Copyright (c) 2024 Saeed Zubair, Saif Ur Rahman, Salman Masood Sheikh, Mehwish Zafar
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2024-03-162024-03-16121444–449444–44910.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1992