The Role of Gender, Age and Education in the Emotional Responses of Parents of Children with Developmental Challenges

Abstract

This research endeavor sought to explore how demographic factors such as gender, age, and parental education influence the emotional experiences of parents’ of children with developmental challenges. Utilizing a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling, data were gathered from various regions in KP (Peshawar) and Punjab (Wah Cantt, Islamabad, and Jhelum). The study comprised a total of 150 participants, with an equal gender distribution (75 fathers and 75 mothers). Data collection tools included a consent form booklet, a demographic information sheet, and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience. The study's findings unveiled that fathers of children with disability reported more positive experiences as compared to mothers. Additionally, it was observed that older parents exhibited a broader spectrum of both positive and negative emotions as compared to their younger counterparts. Furthermore, significant differences in negative emotions were identified based on educational levels. The results suggest that mothers may be susceptible to heightened negative emotional experiences, possibly due to their extensive caregiving responsibilities, in contrast to fathers who often participate more in social and recreational activities. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted supportive services for mothers by mental health professionals. Addressing negative emotional states is crucial in mitigating potential psychological, physical, and emotional challenges associated with the caregiving role. This study enhances our comprehension of emotional dynamics concerning demographics, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions to assist parents in navigating the distinctive challenges they encounter.