CO2 Emissions, Health Expenditures, and Economic Growth Nexus in Pakistan

Abstract

Climate change has an impact on human health, and it is generally known that environmental degradation and climate change are related. The utilization of fossil fuels results in more CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, a greenhouse gas that dramatically raises global temperatures. By replacing oxygen in the atmosphere, CO2 emissions have an impact on human health. While CO2 emissions hurt human health, sometimes economic expansion has a favorable impact on public health and vice versa. Using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag model (ARDL) and annual time series data from 1985 to 2020, this study aims to investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions, health spending, and economic growth in Pakistan. The empirical findings of this study demonstrate a substantial long-run and short-run relationship. To use technologies that cause emissions, the government must increase its investment in renewable energy sources and implement carbon taxes.